Active Voice And Passive Voice Rules | Active And Passive Voice in Bengali

Voice এর সংজ্ঞা: Voice অর্থ বাচ্য , ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই Voice বা বাচ্য বলে।

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Voice কত প্রকার ও কি কি?

Voice এর প্রকারভেদ: Voice দুই প্রকার। 

যথা:

1. Active Voice (কর্তৃবাচ্য),

2. Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য)।

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1. Active Voice (কর্তৃবাচ্য): কোন Sentence এ যদি Subject সক্রিয় হয়ে কোন কাজ সম্পাদন করে তখন তাকে Active Voice বলে।

যেমন :

I eat rice.

He writes a letter.

Rahi reads a book.

We are playing football.

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2. Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য): কোন Sentence এ যদি Subject কে দিয়ে কোন কাজ করানো হয় বুঝায় তখন তাকে Passive Voice বলে।

যেমন :

Rice Is eaten by me.

A letter is written by him.

A book is read by Rahi.

Football is being played by us.

Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার General Rule :

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Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন  করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসে । Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপ হয় এবং Tense ও Passive Voice এর Subject অনুযায়ী Be Verb বসে ।

Tense অনুযায়ী Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মাবলী :

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Present Indefinite Tense 

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 গঠন : Present Indefinite Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb,

am / is / are এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + am / is/ are + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active : I eat rice.

Passive: Rice is eaten by me.

Active: They play football. 

Passive: Football is played by them.

Active: I see the man.

Passive: The man is seen by me.

Active: Mother cooks rice.

Passive: Rice is cooked by the mother.

Active: We eat mango.

Passive: Mango is eaten by us.

Active: She reads Arabic.

Passive: Arabic is read by her.

Active: Mr Khan teaches English.

Passive: English is taught by Mr Khan.

Active: Lima makes tea.

Passive: Tea is made by Lima.

Active: Rony Reads a book.

Passive: A book is read by Rony.

Active: Rina makes a basket.

Passive: The basket is made by Rina.

Past Indefinite Tense 

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 গঠন : Past Indefinite Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, was / were এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + was / were + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active: I ate rice.

Passive: Rice was eaten by me.

Active: Rina wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Rina.

Active: She sang a song.

Passive: A song was sung by her.

Active: We did the work.

Passive: The work was done by us.

Active: Mother cooked food.

Passive: Food was cooked by mother.

Active: They played Cricket.

Passive: Cricket was played by them.

Active: The man sold the land.

Passive: The land was sold by the man.

Active: I knew them.

Passive: They were known by me.

Active: Police arrested the Criminals.

Passive: The Criminals were arrested by the Police.

Active: Mr Khan taught the students.

Passive: The Students were taught by Mr Khan.

Future Indefinite Tense 

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 গঠন : Future Indefinite Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, shall be / will be এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + shall be / will be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active : I shall write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by me.

Active: Swapan will support me.

Passive: I shall be supported by Swapan.

Active: Tania will make tea.

Passive: Tea will be made by Tania.

Active: Rana will write a story.

Passive: A story will be written by Rana.

Active: Father will buy a cow.

Passive: A cow will be bought by the father.

Active: She will learn the lesson.

Passive: The lesson will be learnt by her.

Active: Ema will sing a song.

Passive: A song will be sung by Ema.

Active: we shall play football.

Passive: Football will be played by us.

Active: mother will cook rice.

Passive: Rice will be cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali will catch fish.

Passive: Fish will be caught by Ali.

 Present Continuous Tense 

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 গঠন : Present Continuous Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, am being / is being / are being এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + am being / is being / are being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active: We are eating mango.

Passive: Mango is being eaten by us.

Active: Mother is cooking rice.

Passive: Rice is being cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali is catching fish.

Passive: Fish is being caught by Ali.

Active: He is reading a book.

Passive: A book is being read by him.

Active: The teacher is teaching the Students.

Passive: The Students are being taught by the teacher.

Active: She is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by her.

Active:  They are playing Cricket.

Passive: Cricket is being played by them.

Active: I am eating rice.

Passive: Rice is being eaten by me.

Active: They are reading English.

Passive: English is being read by them.

Active: They are doing the work.

Passive: The work is being done by them.

 Past Continuous Tense 

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 গঠন : Past Continuous Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, was being / were being  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + was being / were being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active: We were eating mango.

Passive: Mango was being eaten by us.

Active: Mother was cooking rice.

Passive: Rice was being cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali was catching fish.

Passive: The fish was being caught by Ali.

Active: He was reading a book.

Passive: A book was being read by him.

Active: The teacher was teaching the Students.

Passive: The Students were being taught by the teacher.

Active: She was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by her.

Active:  They were playing Cricket.

Passive: Cricket was being played by them.

Active: I was eating rice.

Passive: Rice was being eaten by me.

Active: They were reading English.

Passive: English was being read by them.

Active: They were doing the work.

Passive: The work was being done by them. 

Future Continuous Tense 

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গঠন : Future Continuous Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, shall be being / will be being  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + shall be being / will be being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :-

Active : We shall be eating mango.

Passive: Mango will be being eaten by us.

Active: Mother will be cooking rice.

Passive: Rice will be being cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali will be catching fish.

Passive: Fish will be being caught by Ali.

Active: He will be reading a book.

Passive: A book will be being read by him.

Active: The teacher will be teaching the Students.

Passive: The Students will be being taught by the teacher.

Active: She will be writing a letter.

Passive: A letter will be being written by her.

Active:  They will be playing Cricket.

Passive: Cricket will be being played by them.

Active: I shall be eating rice.

Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.

Active: They will be reading English.

Passive: English will be being read by them.

Active: They will be doing the work.

Passive: The work will be being done by them.

Present Perfect Tense 

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 গঠন : Present Perfect Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb, have been / has been  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + have been / has been + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active: We have eaten mango.

Passive: Mango has been eaten by us.

Active: Mother has cooked rice.

Passive: Rice has been cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali has caught fish.

Passive: Fish has been caught by Ali.

Active: He has read a book.

Passive: A book has been read by him.

Active: The teacher has taught the Students.

Passive: The Students have been taught by the teacher.

Active: She has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by her.

Active:  They have played Cricket.

Passive: Cricket has been played by them.

Active: I have eaten rice.

Passive: Rice has been eaten by me.

Active: They have read English.

Passive: English has been read by them.

Active: They have done the work.

Passive: The work has been done by them.

Past Perfect Tense 

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 গঠন : Past Perfect Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর  পরে Be Verb, had been বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object + had been + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active: We had eaten mango.

Passive: Mango had been eaten by us.

Active: Mother had cooked rice.

Passive: Rice had been cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali had caught fish.

Passive: The fish had been caught by Ali.

Active: He had read a book.

Passive : A book had been read by him.

Active: The teacher had taught the Students.

Passive: The Students had been taught by the teacher.

Active: She had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by her.

Active:  They had played Cricket.

Passive: Cricket had been played by them.

Active: I had eaten rice.

Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.

Active: They had read English.

Passive : English had been read by them.

Active: They had done the work.

Passive: The work had been done by them.

Future Perfect Tense 

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গঠন : Future Perfect Tense এ Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হয়ে বসবে এবং Active Voice এর Subject টি Passive Voice এ Object হয়ে বসবে এবং তার পূর্বে by বসবে। Passive Voice এর Subject এর Person ও Number অনুযায়ী তার পরে Be Verb,shall have been /will have been  এর যেকোন একটি বসবে। এবং Active Voice এর মূল Verb টি Passive Voice এ Past Participle রূপে বসবে।

 গঠন প্রণালী  : Active Voice এর Object +shall have been / will have been+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

 যেমন :-

Active: We shall have eaten mango.

Passive: Mango will have been eaten by us.

Active: Mother will have cooked rice.

Passive: Rice will have been cooked by Mother.

Active: Ali will have caught fish.

Passive: Fish will have been caught by Ali.

Active: He will have read a book.

Passive: A book will have been read by him.

Active: The teacher will have taught the Students.

Passive: The Students will have been taught by the teacher.

Active: She will have written a letter.

Passive: A letter will have been written by her.

Active:  They will have played Cricket.

Passive: Cricket will have been played by them.

Active: I shall have eaten rice.

Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.

Active: They will have read English.

Passive: English will have been read by them.

Active: They will have done the work.

Passive: The work will have been done by them. 

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